Heatstroke: A Silent Threat During The Summer

      Heatstroke has become a silent threat that comes hand-in-hand with the intensity of the summer sun. This condition may cause the body to lose its ability to regulate internal temperature, potentially leading to severe symptoms and even death. Therefore, understanding the symptoms and preventive measures before the arrival of the hot season is essential.

If we begin to feel that the weather is getting "hotter," it is a signal to start taking care of ourselves and our loved ones to avoid unexpected health incidents.
 

What is Heatstroke?

     Heatstroke is a condition in which the body temperature becomes excessively high due to prolonged exposure to extreme heat or intense physical activity, where the body is unable to effectively release heat. Symptoms typically appear when the body temperature reaches or exceeds 40°C. Immediate medical attention is crucial, as the condition can severely affect the heart, brain, kidneys, and muscles. Delayed treatment may increase the risk of serious complications and can be life-threatening.

Causes of Heatstroke

The major causes of heatstroke can be divided into two categories:

1.  Exposure to High Environmental Temperatures

     Prolonged exposure to high temperatures or direct sunlight can lead to a significant rise in body temperature, especially when the body is unable to dissipate heat effectively. This situation often occurs during consecutive days of hot and humid weather and is most commonly seen in the elderly and individuals with chronic illnesses.

2.  Intense Physical Activity

     Engaging in strenuous physical activity, particularly in hot environments, can also trigger heatstroke. However, this type of heatstroke may occur even in non-extreme environments if the body is overexerted.

Symptoms of Heatstroke

Heatstroke symptoms may appear suddenly and without warning. The severity and manifestation of symptoms may vary from person to person. Common symptoms include:

• Body temperature rising to 40°C or higher.
• Red or flushed skin due to elevated body temperature
• Dizziness, confusion, fainting, or loss of consciousness
• Rapid and shallow breathing, fast heart rate
• Throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting
• Seizures
• Muscle cramps or weakness

Initial Treatment for Heatstroke

Immediate intervention is essential. The following steps can be taken to help reduce body temperature:

• Move the affected individual into a shaded area or a cool, air-conditioned environment
• Remove or loosen tight clothing
• Use a cool, damp cloth or ice packs on the head, neck, armpits, and groin
• Spray the body with cool water or immerse the individual in a cool bath while waiting for emergency services
• Avoid giving sugary or alcoholic beverages, as these impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature
• Do not give cold water, as it may cause stomach cramps

Preventing Heatstroke

Heatstroke is preventable by taking the following precautions:

• Wear light, breathable clothing if you will be in a hot or poorly ventilated area
• Protect yourself from the sun with appropriate clothing, such as sunglasses, hats, and sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher
• Drink sufficient water daily
• Consult a doctor to check if any medications you are taking affect your body's ability to regulate temperature
• Avoid strenuous exercise in hot and unventilated environments; if unavoidable, limit exposure time as much as possible

Prompt medical treatment is crucial when symptoms appear, as heatstroke can severely affect the heart, brain, kidneys, and muscles. Delayed treatment increases the risk of severe complications and may be life-threatening.