Conjunctivitis: Preventive Tips and Treatments

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

     Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye", is characterized by the reddening of one or both eyes due to the dilation of capillaries in the conjunctiva, typically resulting from inflammation or irritation of the conjunctival membrane. This condition affects individuals of all ages and is generally not severe, often resolving spontaneously within 2-3 days.

However, if the redness intensifies or appears to be associated with other ocular conditions, prompt medical consultation is advised for appropriate treatment.

Causes of Conjunctivitis

     Conjunctivitis primarily stems from viral or bacterial infections, with viral causes, particularly Adenovirus, being more prevalent. Viral conjunctivitis may coincide with common colds or other respiratory infections, such as pharyngitis, due to throat tissue inflammation. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious, spreading through direct contact with infected discharge (e.g., eye discharge, tears on hands or contaminated objects), sharing personal items, or respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

Symptoms of conjunctivitis can manifest in one or both eyes. If both eyes are affected, symptoms typically begin in one eye and spread to the other within 2-3 days. Common symptoms include:

• Redness of the eye(s).
• Mild orbital pain.
• Irritation or a foreign body sensation in the eye.
• Tearing.
• Eyelid swelling, possibly accompanied by small follicular bumps on the inner eyelid.
• In cases of co-occurring bacterial infection, excessive discharge may cause difficulty opening the eyes upon waking.

Course of Conjunctivitis

     The duration of conjunctivitis typically spans approximately two weeks. A potential complication is viral keratitis, where the viral infection extends to the cornea as conjunctivitis symptoms improve, leading to blurred vision. If left untreated, this blurred vision can persist for 1-2 months.

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Treatment for Conjunctivitis

Treatment for conjunctivitis includes:

• Eye Drops: For mild cases, conjunctivitis often resolves spontaneously within two weeks. Physicians typically recommend eye drops to alleviate irritation and prescribe antibiotic eye drops to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
• Pain Relievers: Oral analgesics may be administered for associated eye pain or discomfort.
• Discharge Management: In instances of excessive eye discharge, use a cotton swab moistened with sterile water to gently wipe the eyelids, stroking from the inner to the outer corner of the eye. Dispose of used cotton swabs in a sealed waste bin. Use a fresh swab for each wipe and for each eye to prevent exacerbation of inflammation or spread of infection.

Prevention of Conjunctivitis

Preventive measures for conjunctivitis generally involve maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding irritants. Key practices include:

• Thoroughly wash hands before touching the face or eye area.
• Rinse eyes with clean water if foreign particles enter them.
• Remove eye makeup thoroughly upon returning home.
• Avoid sharing eye makeup and replace eye makeup every six months.
• Limit activities requiring prolonged eye strain to prevent eye fatigue.
• Do not wear contact lenses beyond recommended durations.
• Avoid sharing contact lenses and ensure they are cleaned regularly and thoroughly.
• Do not share personal items such as towels, handkerchiefs, and pillows.

Conjunctivitis affects all age groups; most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously within 1-2 days. However, if symptoms worsen, prompt medical attention is advisable for appropriate treatment.