Degenerative disc disease is a prevalent health issue that is no longer restricted to the elderly, as it was in the past. The main cause is often heavy usage of the spine, along with prolonged sitting or standing in one position. Early symptoms may include pain in the neck radiating to the shoulder, accompanied by a dull pain around the lower back, or radiating pain down one leg along with numbness in the toes. These symptoms gradually begin to affect daily life, particularly if proper treatment is not sought.
Typically, intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, begin to lose moisture, flexibility, and degrade with age. However, it has been observed that smoking accelerates the degeneration of these discs. Certain behaviors, such as heavy lifting, prolonged sitting in improper postures, long-distance driving, or being overweight, can hasten the degeneration of lumbar discs.
Degenerative disc disease can begin as early as age 30, with a noticeable increase in cases among individuals aged 30 to 50.
In addition to chronic back pain, as the discs continue to deteriorate, patients may experience joint degeneration in the spinal vertebrae. If the intervertebral discs become thin enough to cause friction between the vertebrae, patients may experience pain and joint stiffness, making it difficult to walk. This often results in patients avoiding physical activity, which further reduces back muscle flexibility, leading to tightness, blood clots in the legs, or even depression.
To prevent and delay the onset of degenerative disc disease, the following measures are recommended:
Treatment options for lumbar degenerative disc disease vary depending on the severity of the condition, as outlined below:
Avoid behaviors that strain the spine, such as bending, heavy lifting, or engaging in high-impact sports.
For patients with mild symptoms, physical therapy techniques such as hot compresses, ultrasound, or shockwave therapy can help alleviate pain and strengthen back muscles.
Doctors may prescribe pain-relieving medications in conjunction with other treatments. However, caution should be exercised with long-term use, as these medications may affect kidney function.
Steroid injections into the spinal canal can help reduce pain and inflammation around the nerve roots. This method is minimally invasive, but the effect usually lasts 3-6 months.
If a patient’s condition does not improve with conservative treatments and they experience muscle weakness or abnormalities in bowel or bladder function, surgery may be considered.
The Orthopedics Center, Ramkhamhaeng Hospital offers diagnostic and treatment services for conditions related to the spine, spinal cord, and nerves, with a focus on the effectiveness of treatment and the patient's quality of life. Therefore, if you experience chronic back pain or pain radiating to the leg for more than two weeks, it is recommended to consult a specialist for a targeted treatment plan before the intervertebral discs deteriorate further, making treatment more challenging.
