Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

     The immune system plays a crucial role in identifying and eliminating foreign substances. When exposed to allergens like dust, it can trigger allergic reactions. However, if the immune system, acting as the body's defender, turns against its tissues, a serious condition known as an autoimmune disease arises. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), once colloquially referred to as 'Phumphuang's Disease'.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

     Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), or 'lupus', is an autoimmune condition where the immune system loses its ability to differentiate healthy body cells from foreign invaders, leading to inflammation and damage to various body tissues. It is more prevalent in women than in men.

Predisposing Factors

     Genetics and environmental factors are intertwined contributors. Certain genes may predispose individuals, while hormonal imbalances, specific medications, and sunlight exposure can act as triggers for the onset of symptoms.

Potential Symptoms of SLE

The skin, joints, heart, kidneys, brain, and lungs are frequently affected organs, manifesting symptoms according to the specific system involved:

1.  Cutaneous Manifestations

• Butterfly-shaped rash across the face.
• Severe skin redness upon sun exposure.
• Discoid rash resembling burns, often on the ears.
• Oral ulcers.

2.  Joint Manifestations

• Painful inflammation, commonly affecting finger joints, wrists, shoulders, or knees.
• Associated swelling and warmth.

3.  Hematologic Manifestations

• Anemia, fatigue, and weakness due to low white or red blood cell counts.
• Petechiae (small red spots) on the body.

4.  Renal Manifestations

• Facial and generalized body swelling.
• Kidney inflammation, leading to reduced urine output.

5.  Neurological Manifestations

• Behavioral changes.
• Other neurological symptoms, such as seizures.

Some patients may also experience inflammation of the pleura, pericardium, or brain due to disease severity.

Diagnosis and Treatment

     Physicians begin with a medical history and physical examination, followed by blood tests to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-DNA antibodies. Chest X-rays and cardiac evaluations are also performed. These diagnostic findings are then utilized by a multidisciplinary team to confirm the diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan to alleviate symptoms, which may include immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

Principles of Self-Care

Treatment should be complemented by self-care to mitigate disease severity and prevent exacerbating factors:

• Adhere strictly to prescribed medications.
• Engage in moderate, regular exercise.
• Consume well-cooked, clean, and balanced meals in appropriate proportions.
• Always wear long-sleeved clothing, hats, and sunglasses when outdoors.
• Apply sunscreen for additional protection.
• Manage stress and maintain a hopeful outlook.
• For those planning conception, ensure the disease is in remission before pregnancy.