Melioidosis: The Silent Threat That Can Be Fatal

     Prolonged fever... chronic cough... unexplained fatigue. Many might think these are just common infections. In reality, these symptoms could be signs of "Melioidosis," an infectious disease found in Thailand that can become severe or even fatal if not diagnosed correctly in its early stages.

What is Melioidosis?

     Melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei which is naturally found in "soil" and "water." In Thailand, cases are found in all regions, but the highest incidence occurs in the Northeast (Isan), especially during the rainy season when the bacteria spread easily in the environment.

This disease is most prevalent during the rainy season as the bacteria spread effectively in the environment and easily enter the human body.

How does Melioidosis enter the body?

The bacteria can enter the body through 3 main routes:

• Skin: Through wounds when in contact with contaminated soil or water.
• Inhalation: From breathing in dust or water droplets containing the bacteria.
• Ingestion: From consuming contaminated food or water.

Symptoms of Melioidosis to watch for

Symptoms vary depending on the site of infection, such as:

• General symptoms: Persistent fever, fatigue, weight loss.
• Lung infection: Cough, phlegm, chest pain, sometimes coughing up blood.
• Localized infection: Skin abscesses, abscesses in the liver or bones, chronic ulcers.
• Bloodstream infection (Very dangerous): Shock, low blood pressure, can lead to rapid death.

High-Risk Groups

• Patients with Diabetes (The most significant risk factor).
• People who work with soil and water, such as farmers.
• Patients with kidney disease or low immunity.
• Patients with Thalassemia.
• Regular alcohol consumers.

How dangerous is this disease?

     Melioidosis is considered a highly severe infectious disease, especially for risk groups. The mortality rate can be high if not treated promptly. The danger lies in its "non-specific" symptoms, which often lead to late diagnosis.

Diagnosis

     Accurate diagnosis requires laboratory tests, such as culturing from blood, sputum, or pus, to confirm the type of bacteria and select the appropriate antibiotics.

How to prevent Melioidosis

Prevention can be done simply by:

• Wearing boots and gloves when handling soil.
• Avoiding walking barefoot if you have wounds.
• Washing your body after contact with soil or water.
• Drinking clean water.

Melioidosis can be cured if diagnosed correctly at an early stage. If you have a high fever for more than 3 days, or develop ulcers or abscesses, see a doctor immediately.