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Hantavirus: An Outbreak Carried by Rats

May 13 / 2026

hantavirus disease

 

 


     In May 2026, the world is once again on alert regarding "Hantavirus" after reports of an outbreak on the cruise ship MV Hondius in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. At least 3 people were infected and died. This event serves as a reminder that this virus remains a severe threat; although the incidence is low, the mortality rate is as high as 30-50 percent for certain strains.

 

Hantavirus Disease

     Hantavirus Disease is a viral disease caused by RNA viruses in the Hantaviridae family. It is found in rodents and can be transmitted to humans, posing a life-threatening risk. Currently, there is no specific vaccine or targeted treatment. Patients typically present with acute high fever, muscle aches, and may develop severe respiratory symptoms (pulmonary edema) or renal and hemorrhagic symptoms, depending on the virus strain.

 

Two Main Syndromes by Region

  • HPS / HCPS (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome): Found in the Americas. It affects the "Respiratory System." Patients experience fever and severe muscle pain, followed by shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, and rapid shock. This syndrome has a mortality rate of up to 40 percent.
  • HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome): Found in Europe and Asia. It affects the "Kidneys," with symptoms including fever, petechiae (blood spots on the skin), and potential acute kidney failure.

 

Transmission Routes

Humans can contract the virus from rodents through the following ways:
 

  • Inhaling dust contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents.
  • Touching contaminated objects and then touching the nose, mouth, or eyes.
  • Contact through open wounds.
  • Direct contact via rodent saliva (rare).
  • Person-to-person transmission is extremely rare and limited to the Andes strain in South America.

 

Incubation Period and Diagnosis

     The incubation period is generally 1 to 8 weeks, but symptoms usually appear within 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. Initial symptoms are often non-specific, resembling the flu or other respiratory illnesses. Doctors must carefully observe and diagnose to ensure appropriate treatment.

 

Symptoms

  • High fever, chills, headache
  • Severe muscle aches (especially in the back and legs)
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

 

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Treatment and Prevention

There is currently no specific vaccine or antiviral medication. Patients must receive close Supportive Care from medical professionals. Reducing exposure to rodents is the best prevention strategy.

 

  • Hygiene Management: Store food securely and keep the home clean to eliminate rodent habitats and nesting areas.
  • Correct Cleaning Methods: Do not sweep or vacuum areas with rodent droppings, as this can cause the virus to become airborne.
  • Use Disinfectants: Spray disinfectants or sodium hypochlorite (diluted bleach) to dampen the area before wiping.

 

Avoiding Risk While Traveling

To ensure smooth cruising or travel, here are additional medical recommendations:
 

  • Avoid staying in areas with signs of rodents, such as barns or long-abandoned cabins in the woods.
  • Wash hands frequently with soap or alcohol gel, especially before eating.
  • If you travel to high-risk areas or engage in ecotourism and develop a fever or difficulty breathing within 45 days after your trip, see a doctor immediately and provide your travel history.

 

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