Understanding Cardiac Arrhythmia

     Under normal conditions, the heart generates electrical impulses independently, causing the heart muscles to contract and produce a rhythmic heartbeat. A healthy heart rate ranges from 60–100 beats per minute. When this electrical activity becomes abnormal, it results in a condition known as arrhythmia. Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, or chest pain should not be ignored.

What Is Arrhythmia?

     Arrhythmia refers to irregular, abnormally fast (over 100 bpm), or slow (under 60 bpm) heartbeats unrelated to physical activity. This disrupts effective blood circulation and may present as palpitations or a pounding heart. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening.

Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cardiac Causes:

• Congenital heart defects
• Valve disorders
• Thickened heart walls
• Coronary artery disease

Non-Cardiac Causes:

• Hypertension
• Thyroid disorders
• Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and stress

Symptoms

Some patients may remain unaware until diagnosed during a routine checkup. Common symptoms include:

1.  Fatigue and Fainting

     Caused by slow heartbeats leading to inadequate blood flow, resulting in tiredness, dizziness, or in severe cases, cardiac arrest.

2.  Chest Pain and Palpitations

     Rapid heartbeats may cause chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, or even unconsciousness, particularly in older adults.

Risks and Complications

     Arrhythmia severity varies, but it can lead to serious outcomes such as sudden cardiac arrest, heart failure, strokes, or loss of consciousness.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the arrhythmia type, severity, and individual patient condition:

• Medications: Used to control heart rhythm and reduce symptom frequency but not a permanent cure
• Device Implantation:
  • Pacemaker: For abnormally slow heartbeats.
  • AICD (Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Regulates rapid heartbeats and prevents dangerous ventricular arrhythmias.

• Catheter Ablation: A minimally invasive procedure using radiofrequency energy to destroy abnormal tissue causing arrhythmia. It is safe, effective, and often curative.

Dietary Restrictions for Arrhythmia Patients

Avoid:

• High-cholesterol and fatty foods (e.g., baked goods, fast food)
• Processed meats (e.g., sausages, bacon)
• Animal fats and organ meats
• Excessively salty or sweet foods
• Caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee, soft drinks)
• Alcohol and sugary drinks

Choose:

• Foods rich in Omega-3 (e.g., salmon, mackerel)
• Fresh fruits (especially low-sugar ones) and vegetables
• Healthy oils (e.g., rice bran, olive, canola) in moderation

Is Arrhythmia Curable?

     Yes, especially with catheter ablation, which has a 90–95% success rate in suitable cases, particularly among younger patients. It offers a long-term solution with minimal complications.

Prevention

While not always preventable, arrhythmia risk can be reduced by:

• Eating a heart-healthy diet
• Exercising regularly
• Managing cholesterol and blood pressure
• Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and stimulants
• Undergoing regular health check-ups

Conclusion

     Patients with arrhythmia should strictly follow medical advice, attend all appointments, and monitor symptoms. The heart is a vital organ; consistent care is essential for maintaining its proper function.