Postpartum Depression: Readiness and Response When It Affects You

     Although pregnancy is a time when the body begins to build and prepare for new life, the postpartum period can leave a mother feeling physically and emotionally weakened. Postpartum depression is a condition that can occur in mothers after childbirth. If it happens to us, what should we do? This article aims to help readers understand this condition more clearly.

Postpartum Depression

     Postpartum depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 10–15% of mothers after childbirth. Those affected may experience persistent sadness, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts. Symptoms typically emerge within the first 12 weeks postpartum and last over two weeks.

“Postpartum Blues” VS “Postpartum Depression”

     Postpartum blues and postpartum depression are distinct conditions. Postpartum blues, or "baby blues," occur in approximately 30–75% of new mothers and are characterized by mood swings, irritability, fatigue, appetite loss, and sleep disturbances. However, postpartum blues do not interfere with daily functioning or the ability to care for the newborn. These symptoms usually begin within 3–5 days after delivery and resolve independently within two weeks.

Causes of Postpartum Depression

     The exact cause of postpartum depression remains unknown. However, medical experts believe it may result from a combination of factors, including hormonal changes following childbirth and stress from life events.

Symptoms of Postpartum Depression

• Persistent sadness nearly all day, almost every day
• Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or most activities
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Psychomotor retardation or agitation
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Diminished ability to concentrate
• Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in appetite, nearly every day
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Diagnosis

     A psychiatrist will obtain a detailed medical and psychological history, assess symptoms, and conduct a physical examination to rule out other causes. Diagnosis is made based on the criteria outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition).

Treatment for Postpartum Depression

• Psychotherapy, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Pharmacological treatment, such as antidepressant medications

Self-Care Strategies for Coping with Postpartum Depression

Managing postpartum depression can begin during pregnancy. Recommended strategies include:

• Consulting a physician to assess the risk of prenatal and postpartum depression
• Receiving nutritional counseling from healthcare professionals
• Engaging in regular physical exercise to promote physical and emotional balance
• Cultivating a hopeful outlook and allowing oneself to discover enjoyable activities
• Receiving emotional support from loved ones, which plays a vital role in recovery