Childhood Allergies: Causes and Prevention

     Many people wonder why some children experience allergies, such as dust, food allergies, nasal congestion, or runny noses, while others remain unaffected, even in the same environment. This article explores how allergies develop and why susceptibility varies among individuals.

What Are Allergies?

     An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to allergens—substances like dust, animal dander, or certain foods. This response can lead to symptoms such as nasal congestion, skin rashes, asthma, or even severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

Why Are Some People Allergic from Birth?

The primary factor is genetics—children with allergic parents are more likely to develop allergies. Other contributing factors include:

• Prenatal exposure: to allergens, such as maternal smoking or high consumption of cow’s milk, can impair fetal lung function or increase sensitivity to allergens.
• Cesarean delivery: which limits exposure to beneficial microbes in the birth canal, may increase allergy risk.
• Early and frequent exposure: to allergens in the environment can also heighten the risk.

Why Are Some People Allergy-Free?

While genetics plays a role, environmental and lifestyle factors are also important. People without allergies may benefit from:

• No family history of allergies
• Early exposure to natural environments, avoiding overly sterile surroundings (Hygiene Hypothesis)
• Limited contact with common allergens like dust, smoke, or animal fur

Can Allergies Be Prevented?

Yes, even if there is a genetic predisposition. Preventive measures include:

• Keeping living spaces clean to reduce dust mites
• Avoiding known allergens such as smoke, pet dander, and trigger foods
• Regular exercise to strengthen the immune system
• Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and probiotics
• Using antibiotics only when necessary
• Consulting a specialist for appropriate treatments, including medications or allergy immunotherapy

Final Thoughts from a Pediatric Allergy Specialist

     Allergies can result from both inherited traits and environmental exposures. Children with genetic susceptibility or raised in allergen-rich settings may develop allergies early. However, with proper care and avoidance of triggers, they can lead normal lives. Severe symptoms should prompt medical consultation for accurate diagnosis and treatment.