Allergy: Is Frequent Cold a Sign of Allergy?

     Allergy is an immune system reaction triggered by allergens. It can affect one or multiple organs before symptoms appear in the eyes, ears, throat, nose, lower respiratory tract, digestive system, or skin. Allergens vary, and individuals may react to different substances.

Is Allergy Contagious?

     Allergy is not contagious, but can be inherited. If both parents have allergies, the child has a 60% chance of developing one. If only one parent is allergic, the chance is about 30%.

Frequent Colds and Allergies

     "Colds" commonly refer to symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat. Allergic rhinitis presents similarly, so frequent colds may be due to allergies. Diagnosis requires medical examination and allergy testing.

Symptoms and Complications

     Most allergic reactions are uncomfortable but not dangerous. However, severe reactions such as food or insect sting allergies can cause acute symptoms—swelling, rashes, shortness of breath, or anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. Chronic allergic conditions may lead to sinusitis, ear infections, or throat inflammation.

Allergy vs. Immunodeficiency

     Although both are immune-related, allergies and immunodeficiencies arise from different mechanisms and are unrelated.

Treatment of Allergy

The most crucial treatment is avoiding known allergens. Without exposure, allergic reactions do not occur. Additional treatments include:

1.  Medication

     Oral, inhaled, or injectable drugs, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, counteract chemical mediators in allergic reactions. Corticosteroids are effective but must be used under medical supervision due to potential side effects.

2.  Allergen Immunotherapy

     This involves controlled exposure to allergens (identified via testing) to build tolerance. It requires long-term commitment and consistency from the patient. While not a cure, it alleviates symptoms and prevents complications.

House Dust Mites

House dust mites are microscopic (0.2–0.5 mm) with eight legs. Females lay up to 300 eggs and mature in 14–20 days, thriving in warm, humid environments and feeding on skin flakes and dandruff.

• Lifespan: Males live 60–80 days, females 100–150 days.
• Common Types in Thailand: D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, with the former being most prevalent.
• Allergic Triggers: Mite droppings and bodies.

Controlling House Dust Mites

As bedrooms are primary habitats, proper maintenance is essential:

• Avoid pillows, mattresses, and items made from cotton.
• Cover mattresses and pillows with plastic covers.
• Boil bedding weekly.
• Avoid carpets in bedrooms.
• Minimize bedroom furnishings to reduce dust accumulation.

Conclusion

     Allergies are non-contagious but can be inherited. Effective management involves allergen avoidance, thereby preventing symptoms and reactions.