Is Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever Dangerous?

Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

     Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is a condition in which the immune system overreacts to allergens—foreign substances that enter the body. This disease can affect individuals of all ages and genders. Among all allergic conditions, allergic rhinitis has the highest prevalence, even more than asthma or atopic dermatitis (eczema).

Causes of Allergic Rhinitis

• Genetics: If one parent has an allergic condition, their child is at increased risk of developing allergic rhinitis. If both parents are affected, the risk significantly increases.
• Environmental Factors: These are the most critical contributors. Common triggers include dust, incense smoke, cigarette smoke, animal dander (dogs, cats), house dust mites, cockroaches, feathers, pollen, mold, cold weather, humidity, and strong-smelling chemicals such as perfumes and sprays.

Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis

When allergens enter the body, they cause inflammation of the nasal lining and respiratory tract. The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

• Nasal congestion, itching, clear nasal discharge, sneezing, and possibly sinusitis
• Snoring, mouth breathing for extended periods, sore throat, frequent throat clearing or coughing
• Chronic cough, headache
• Eye irritation or itching, and ear fullness may also be present

Patients often exhibit nasal congestion, itching and rubbing of the nose, dark circles or swelling under the eyes, and recurring symptoms throughout the year or during allergen exposure.

Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis

The diagnosis involves a detailed medical history, including symptoms, exposure to allergens, and family history of allergies. Physical examination may be supplemented by:

• Skin Prick Test
• Blood tests to identify specific allergens

Self-Care and Management of Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis can be effectively managed by:

• Avoiding known triggers
• Frequently washing bed sheets and pillowcases
• Cleaning and wiping down the bedroom daily; avoid storing books or clothes in the room—keep everything neatly stored in closed cabinets
• Avoiding furry pets and stuffed animals; eliminating cockroaches
• Not smoking and not burning incense indoors
• Exercising regularly
• Getting sufficient sleep
• Following medical advice, including using oral medications, nasal sprays, and other treatments as appropriate

With proper management and allergen avoidance, allergic rhinitis symptoms can be significantly controlled.

Last Updated:

17 June 2020