'Psoriasis' Cause of Chronic Rashes on Nails and Scalp

     Although the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies psoriasis as a non-contagious disease, it is still quite common, affecting at least 1 in 100 people. It is also one of the diseases for which there is no cure at present, but there are various ways to alleviate symptoms. Dermatologists play an essential role in diagnosing, treating, and preventing the disease.

Psoriasis

     Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by the immune system, where skin cells divide abnormally, leading to inflammation. It usually appears on the nails, joints, and scalp, and can affect people of all ages. In some cases, it may progress into psoriatic arthritis.

Common Symptoms

• Red, itchy rash with thick scales
• Burning sensation with joint pain
• Thickened nails with pitting and deformity
• Dry, cracked skin starting to peel in flakes; scratching the scales may cause bleeding

Causes of Psoriasis

• Genetics Inherited from family members with psoriasis.
• Infections Such as HPV or hepatitis viruses.
• Skin injury Scratching, rubbing, or friction can trigger psoriasis.
• Other factors Certain medications, stress, obesity, alcohol consumption, diet, or exposure to chemicals or irritants.

Types of Psoriasis

• Plaque Psoriasis: The most common type, characterized by thick red patches with pinkish scales, often found in joints, scalp, and torso.
• Guttate Psoriasis: Small, raised, red spots that appear after a strep throat infection, usually in younger people. It may resolve on its own but can become chronic.
• Pustular Psoriasis: Characterized by pus-filled blisters, usually accompanied by fever and discomfort.
• Erythrodermic Psoriasis: A severe form where nearly the entire body is covered in red, scaly skin, which may lead to complications like psoriatic arthritis.
• Nail Psoriasis: Causes pitting and detachment of the nail from the nail bed.

Diagnosis

     The doctor will begin by taking a detailed history and performing a physical examination. If necessary, a biopsy may be taken to examine the skin under a microscope for a more accurate diagnosis. If joint inflammation is present, patients should consult with a rheumatologist for further evaluation.

Psoriasis Treatment

Treatment plans are tailored according to the severity of the disease:

• Topical Treatments: For mild to moderate cases, topical creams and ointments are commonly prescribed.
• Systemic Treatments: Oral or injectable medications that help control the immune system may be used for more severe cases.
• Phototherapy: Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy, particularly UVB, is used to treat psoriasis, with minimal side effects. Treatment sessions last 1-5 minutes, 2-3 times per week.

Precautions Before and After Treatment

• Inform the doctor about any medications, supplements, or skin products being used.
• Moisturize skin regularly, as it can become dry after light therapy.
• Avoid using medications outside of what’s prescribed by your doctor.
• Wear protective clothing and avoid direct sunlight to prevent side effects like sunburn.
• Keep regular follow-up appointments with the doctor.

Balanced Diet to Help Prevent Skin Disease

     Maintaining a balanced body and mind is crucial, as the food we eat affects our health. A healthy diet acts as medicine, while overeating or undereating can be harmful. Preventive medicine, such as maintaining a healthy diet, is key to preventing disease. Poor nutrition can lead to gut issues, skin allergies, and other conditions.

Taking proactive steps to strengthen the body’s defenses can help prevent diseases before they manifest.