Hypogonadism is a condition where the body doesn't produce enough testosterone, a hormone vital for building and maintaining muscle and bone mass, and for sexual development. A deficiency can lead to low energy, reduced libido, and decreased sperm production in men, potentially causing infertility. This condition often results from abnormalities in the pituitary or sex glands.

Causes of Low Testosterone

Low testosterone can stem from various factors:

• Testicular injury: This includes trauma, vasectomy, radiation, or chemotherapy.
• Testicular infections
• Hormonal imbalances from brain conditions: Such as pituitary diseases or tumors, which stimulate sex hormone production.
• Systemic diseases: Like AIDS, chronic liver and kidney disease, excessive fat accumulation, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity.
• Unhealthy lifestyle habits: Including heavy smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high stress levels, and chronic sleep deprivation.

Symptoms of Low Testosterone

Men with low testosterone can experience both physical and psychological symptoms:

• Frequent mood swings and irritability
• Lack of vigor
• Decreased bone and muscle mass
• Abdominal obesity (waist circumference over 36 inches)
• Insomnia
• Reduced sexual desire
• Erectile dysfunction
• Lack of confidence or depression

Treating Low Testosterone

Treating low testosterone primarily involves increasing testosterone levels, typically through two main approaches:

1. Lifestyle Modifications

Adjusting lifestyle habits can reduce factors contributing to low testosterone and boost the body's natural production:

• Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
• Control carbohydrate and fat consumption.
• Avoid sweets and fried foods, focusing on nutritious meals.
• Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week).
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Ensure adequate rest and manage stress.

2. Medical Treatment (Testosterone Replacement Therapy)

Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) supplements the body's testosterone to support various bodily functions, including bone health, muscle mass, mood, libido, and sexual performance. TRT is available in three primary forms:

• Oral medication
• Topical gel: Applied to clean, dry skin on the shoulders, upper arms, or abdomen.
• Injections: Administered into the muscle.

Medical treatment is most effective when combined with appropriate lifestyle changes.

Updated: August 18, 2022