Is Varicose Veins Dangerous If Left Untreated?

     Varicose veins are an abnormal condition of the veins located near the surface of the skin, caused by the enlargement and swelling of the veins, leading to blood pooling in the affected area. This results in the visible appearance of bluish or dark purple veins. Varicose veins most commonly occur in the legs or feet, as prolonged standing makes it more difficult for blood from the lower body to return to the heart. Although varicose veins are generally not severe enough to cause limb loss or be life-threatening, the condition tends to progressively worsen if left untreated.

If not properly treated, varicose veins may cause symptoms such as leg fatigue, heaviness, swelling, and in some cases, rashes or chronic ulcers around the ankles, which can interfere with daily activities.

Causes of Varicose Veins

• Prolonged Standing or Walking: such as in salespersons or fare collectors.
• Genetics: Individuals with a family history of varicose veins are at higher risk.
• Advancing Age: Aging decreases the elasticity and strength of the venous valves, increasing the risk of varicose veins.
• Hormonal Imbalance: Females are more prone to the condition due to the effects of female sex hormones.
• Overweight and Obesity: Excess body weight can impede proper blood circulation, leading to blood pooling in the legs.

Warning Signs of Varicose Veins

Varicose veins often present without symptoms, but certain abnormalities may be observed, including:

• Visible, twisted, and bulging veins
• Dark purple or bluish veins appearing on the legs
• Fatigue, muscle aches, and heaviness in the legs
• Swelling and warmth in the lower legs
• Pain after prolonged sitting or standing
• Bleeding from varicose veins
• Skin inflammation or ulcers near the ankles

Treatment of Varicose Veins

1.  Medication

     Oral medication can alleviate symptoms but cannot completely cure the underlying vein abnormalities. It is typically used in conjunction with other treatments or while awaiting surgery.

2.  Compression stockings 

     Special medical-grade stockings are recommended to improve blood flow from the lower limbs and help reduce symptoms alongside other treatments.

3.  Sclerotherapy

     For small varicose veins, a chemical solution is injected into the vein to cause it to collapse and fade.

4.  Laser or Radiofrequency Ablation

     A newer surgical method involves inserting a small catheter into the vein, followed by applying laser energy or high-frequency radio waves to close off the affected vein.

5.  Surgical treatment

     Indicated for patients unsuitable for laser or radiofrequency ablation. Postoperatively, the leg is wrapped with an elastic bandage, and the use of special compression stockings is recommended. Follow-up appointments are typically scheduled within 1–2 weeks.

Prevention of Varicose Veins

• Engage in regular exercise; walking is the simplest way to promote blood circulation in the legs.
• Maintain a healthy body weight.
• Avoid prolonged sitting or standing; frequently change positions.
• Perform ankle exercises while sitting by alternating between pointing and flexing the toes in clockwise and counterclockwise motions to enhance blood circulation.

Last Revised:

24 August 2022