Electrocardiogram (EKG) : Observing every beat and abnormality

 

 

     The Electrocardiogram (EKG) is a straightforward way to visualize heart activity, making it convenient and quick. This basic examination should be available in all healthcare facilities. When experiencing chest pain, sweating, palpitations, dizziness, fainting, or difficulty breathing, seeing a doctor for an EKG becomes essential.

 

 

 

 

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

     An electrocardiogram (EKG) is a preliminary test used to detect abnormalities by recording the heart's electrical signals during each beat. This information aids in diagnosing potential risks, such as heart failure or arrhythmias.

 

 

 

Diagnosing with EKG

Doctors analyze the EKG graph to identify irregularities, such as whether the heart rate is consistent and whether the upper and lower chambers of the heart are functioning in sync. EKGs can help diagnose:

 

• Arrhythmias
• Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart)
• Genetic conditions, such as Long QT syndrome
• Pericarditis (inflammation of the heart lining)

 

 

 

 

Commonly Used Complementary Tests

Even if an EKG shows normal results, hidden conditions may require further investigation. Often, when a patient experiences palpitations with no apparent abnormalities found, doctors will employ complementary tests.

 

• Holter Monitor: This portable device is used when abnormal heart function is suspected but not detected during a standard EKG. It records continuously for 24 hours.
• Exercise Stress Test (EST): This test assesses heart conditions during physical activity, typically conducted on a treadmill.
• Echocardiogram: This ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to examine the heart's structure, muscle condition, pumping function, blood flow, tumors, and infections.

 

Further Reading: How to Know If You Have Heart Disease

 

The Procedures

     The doctor begins by taking the patient's health history before directing them to lie down on a bed for the test. The technician cleans the skin and applies gel before placing electrodes on the chest, arms, and legs (a total of 10 points) to collect data and produce an ECG graph. This process usually takes about 15 minutes.

 

 

 

 

ECG Results Interpretation

During the test, the machine records electrical signals and produces a 12-lead ECG graph, which includes:

 

• P Wave: Generated when the SA node sends electrical impulses to the upper chambers of the heart, causing them to contract.
• QRS Complex: A sharp, high wave indicating the contraction of the lower chambers of the heart.
• T Wave: Represents the heart's electrical activity during relaxation.

 

Further Reading: Understanding Cardiac Arrhythmia

 

 

 

 

Q&A on ECG

1.  Are EKG and ECG different?

     Both terms refer to the same heart electrical signal test. EKG is derived from the German term and is often used to avoid confusion with the electroencephalogram (EEG).

 

2.  Are there side effects or risks?

     Since an ECG simply records electrical signals, it does not cause pain or any side effects. The test takes only 5-10 minutes, after which patients can return to their normal activities.

 

3.  How should one prepare for the test?

     It is recommended to avoid exercise for one day before the test and inform the doctor about any supplements or medications taken for effective testing.

 

4.  Limitations of the Test

     Although ECG is a highly effective heart test, it should be used in conjunction with other tests to cover various potential causes. If symptoms suggest a specific condition, additional tests like angiography may be performed for a more accurate diagnosis.