Cholera: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Prevention

     Although cholera is not as widespread as in the past, it can still be contracted from small, often unnoticed sources in daily life, such as contaminated drinking water, food, or unclean hands that come into contact with invisible bacteria. This is especially important for those planning to travel abroad, as being aware of the disease and preventive measures is crucial.

What is Cholera?

     Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Common sources of infection include undercooked food, food exposed to flies, and consuming contaminated water. Poor hand hygiene before eating can also lead to infection.

Cholera Outbreaks

     The risk of contracting cholera increases during floods, as the bacteria thrive in water. Warmer temperatures further accelerate bacterial growth and transmission. Once inside the human body, where conditions are favorable, the bacteria multiply rapidly and cause illness.

Symptoms of Cholera

     Infected individuals experience watery diarrhea that resembles rice water, along with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms typically appear within 1–2 days. Mild cases may resolve within 1–5 days. However, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration, shock, and potentially life-threatening complications.

Cholera Diagnosis at Ramkhamhaeng Hospital

Ramkhamhaeng Hospital offers diagnostic tests for Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for cholera, through the following methods:

1.  Bacterial Culture

     Stool samples are collected from the patient and cultured to observe bacterial movement under a microscope. Initial biochemical tests are conducted to detect toxin production and immune response markers in the blood. This method provides an accurate diagnosis but takes approximately three days for results.

2.  Multiplex RT-PCR

• This modern molecular technique detects infections directly from stool samples.
• It can identify 14 types of bacteria, 6 types of viruses, and 4 types of parasites with high specificity.
• The test can differentiate between 24 pathogens and delivers results within 2–3 hours.

Preventive Measures Against Cholera

• Eat only thoroughly cooked and hot food.
• Avoid food exposed to flies.
• Do not drink directly from natural water sources such as streams.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water.
• Use sanitary restrooms.

By following these preventive steps, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of contracting cholera and protect their health.