HomeMediaArticle for healthAtopic dermatitis : Found in Child, But Also Occur In Adults

Atopic dermatitis : Found in Child, But Also Occur In Adults

July 03 / 2025

atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by chronic, recurring episodes of itching. It is often associated with a family history of allergies and may coexist with other allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Atopic dermatitis is frequently the first manifestation before the onset of other allergic disorders.

Severity of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common non-communicable chronic skin conditions and occurs worldwide. It affects up to 20% of children and 2–8% of adults. The condition typically begins in early childhood, and in more severe cases, symptoms may persist into adulthood. Patients with atopic dermatitis have a defect in skin barrier function, allowing external irritants and allergens to trigger inflammation. This leads to dry, red, rough, inflamed, and cracked skin.

Factors That May Trigger Flare-Ups

Flare-ups of atopic dermatitis can be triggered by various factors, including:

Physical factors
Chemical factors (e.g., pH imbalance, cleaning agents, chemicals)
Biological factors (e.g., allergens, microorganisms)

1. Cigarette Smoke

There is evidence linking exposure to cigarette smoke with atopic dermatitis in both adolescents and adults worldwide. However, current research does not conclusively establish smoking as a direct cause of increased atopic dermatitis.

2. Airborne Allergens

Due to impaired skin barrier function, airborne allergens can penetrate the skin and induce inflammation. House dust mites are among the most common airborne allergens associated with flare-ups.

3. Animal Dander

Although there is no definitive evidence linking dog hair to flare-ups of atopic dermatitis, individuals who experience flare-ups after contact with pet dander should avoid such exposure.

4. Contact Irritants

Direct contact with potential allergens such as perfumes, preservatives, cleaning agents, and cosmetics should be avoided, as these are common triggers.

5. Food Allergies

Food allergies may coexist with atopic dermatitis, especially in young children. Common allergenic foods include eggs, cow's milk, peanuts, soy, and wheat. The specific triggers vary depending on the individual and age group.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnostic process begins with a review of the patient's family history, followed by a physical examination to identify the characteristics and distribution of the skin lesions. Additional diagnostic tests, such as a skin patch test or blood tests, may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment planning.

atopic dermatitis

Care and Symptom Management

Wear lightweight, breathable clothing.
Engage in stress-relieving activities.
Bathe in lukewarm water for no longer than 5–10 minutes.
Apply moisturizers regularly to maintain skin hydration.
Avoid scratching or picking at the skin, and use medications as prescribed.
Avoid known triggers such as milk, wheat, dust mites, and pollen.
Do not use soaps with strong acidity or skin products containing fragrances or preservatives, as they may cause allergic reactions. It is advisable to consult a physician for suitable skincare recommendations.

Medication Advice from Pediatricians

The use of medications such as corticosteroids, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppressants addresses the symptoms rather than the root cause and should be undertaken under medical supervision. In cases involving food allergies, strict avoidance and proper medical evaluation are essential.