Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

     Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects us as we age. Women over the age of 50 are particularly more likely to develop macular degeneration than men. It can be caused by various factors, such as a family history of age-related macular degeneration, working outdoors regularly, high blood pressure, high blood lipid levels, and smoking. 

When affected by the disease, early symptoms may include blurred vision or requiring brighter light to perform activities, before straight lines begin to appear distorted or wavy. In some cases, a dark shadow or spot may obscure vision.

(Amsler grid A grid chart for self-screening central vision and macula function)

How to Perform a Self-Check

     We can easily test ourselves using the Amsler grid to check distance and vision level. Hold the grid about 14 inches away from your eyes. Cover one eye and focus the other eye on the black dot in the center of the grid. Observe whether the grid lines appear distorted, wavy, missing, or blocked by dark shadows. 
 

If the lines appear distorted or wavy, see an ophthalmologist

     If you notice any of these abnormalities, you should visit an ophthalmologist urgently for a dilated eye exam to receive a detailed retinal examination along with additional tests, such as fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) using laser light. These diagnostic tests are combined to pinpoint the exact location and extent of the abnormality to plan appropriate treatment.

Can Macular Degeneration Be Prevented?

     Although macular degeneration comes with "age-related deterioration," it can still be managed through "prevention." It is recommended to avoid controllable risk factors, such as quitting smoking, protecting eyes from UV light by wearing sunglasses, exercising regularly, and keeping weight, blood pressure, and blood lipids within normal ranges, as well as consuming a balanced diet of all 5 food groups. 

Focus especially on foods high in antioxidants, as well as those rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as kale, spinach, apples, and grapes. Additionally, younger individuals can also develop other forms of retinal diseases, such as retinal degeneration associated with high myopia, though these are less common. Regardless of age, eye specialists recommend having a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year.

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