5 Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

     Even when tests show no signs of uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, or other obvious abnormalities, there are still several possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, as follows:

Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

1. Blood Clotting Disorders

• Patients may have a history of easy bleeding, such as prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction, frequent nosebleeds, or bleeding gums.
• There may be a family history of bleeding disorders.
• In this case, the doctor may recommend further testing of platelet function and blood clotting factors.

2. Ovulatory Dysfunction

• Common in adolescents and women approaching menopause.
• Caused by hormonal imbalance affecting ovulation cycles.
• Certain conditions can interfere with ovulation, such as thyroid disorders or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
• Patients should have blood tests to check hormone levels related to ovulation.

3. Endometrial Inflammation or Infection

• May result from bacterial infection.
• In rare cases, pelvic tuberculosis infection can also cause abnormal bleeding.
• Identifying and treating the infection directly is essential.

4. Side Effects from Medications or Hormones

• All types of contraceptives (oral pills, injections, implants, intrauterine devices) can cause irregular bleeding.
• Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
• Certain medications — such as anticonvulsants, psychiatric drugs, anticoagulants, or even some herbal supplements — may also contribute to abnormal bleeding.
• If symptoms occur, patients should inform their doctor and provide a complete list of all medications being used.

5. Unexplained Abnormalities

• Such as abnormalities in uterine arteries or veins.
• May be related to a history of surgery, childbirth, or previous myomectomy.
• Some cases can be treated with medication, while others may require surgery — and in some instances, it may indicate a serious underlying condition.

Summary

     Abnormal uterine bleeding can occur at any age. Some causes are minor and easily treated, while others may signal serious diseases such as endometrial cancer. If you experience abnormal bleeding, you should see a doctor promptly for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.